founding father of finance: alexander hamilton and the first bank of the united states
美国金融之父：亚历山大·汉密尔顿和美国第一银行
alexander hamilton, one of america's founding fathers, played a pivotal role not only in securing the nation's independence but also in shaping its economic future.
美国开国元勋之一亚历山大·汉密尔顿不仅在争取民族独立的斗争中发挥了关键作用，而且在塑造美国经济的未来方面也做出了重要贡献。
a strong advocate for a national bank, hamilton's vision laid the foundation for the modern federal reserve system.
汉密尔顿是国家银行的坚定拥护者，他的远见卓识为现代联邦储备系统奠定了基础。
following the revolutionary war, the united states faced a mountain of debt.
独立战争结束后，美国面临着堆积如山的债务。
the fledgling nation lacked a national currency, and individual states possessed independent and often conflicting financial policies.
这个新兴国家缺乏统一的本国货币，每个国家都有自己独立且经常相互矛盾的财政政策。
this economic disarray hampered the country's ability to pay off its debts, hindering its growth and stability.
这种经济混乱阻碍了该国偿还债务的能力，阻碍了其增长和稳定。
hamilton, serving as the first secretary of the treasury, firmly believed a national bank was essential to address these challenges.
当汉密尔顿担任第一任财政部长时，他坚信国家银行对于应对这些挑战至关重要。
inspired by the bank of england, he proposed the creation of the bank of the united states in 1790.
受到英格兰银行的启发，他于1790年提议成立美国银行。
hamilton envisioned the bank of the united states serving multiple purposes:
汉密尔顿设想了美国银行可以做的许多功能：
issuing national currency: the bank would print and distribute **money, standardizing the currency across the nation and promoting trust in its value.
发行本国货币：银行将印制和发行钞票，使本国货币标准化，促进对货币价值的信任。
managing the national debt: the bank would facilitate the repayment of the government's war debts by acting as its fiscal agent, managing loan repayments and other financial transactions.
管理国家债务：银行将充当国家的财务主管，通过管理贷款偿还和其他金融交易来促进国家战时债务的偿还。
providing financial services: the bank would offer commercial banking services like loans and deposits, stimulating economic activity and fostering the growth of businesses.
提供金融服务：银行将提供商业银行服务，如贷款和存款，以刺激经济活动并促进业务发展。
hamilton's proposal sparked fierce debate.
汉密尔顿的提议引发了激烈的争论。
opponents, led by thomas jefferson and james madison, questioned the bank's constitutionality.
由托马斯·杰斐逊（Thomas Jefferson）和詹姆斯·麦迪逊（James Madison）领导的反对派质疑该银行的合宪性。
they argued that the constitution did not explicitly grant the federal government the power to establish such an institution.
他们争辩说，《宪法》没有明确赋予联邦**建立这种机构的权力。 additionally, they feared the bank would concentrate too much financial power in the hands of the federal government and a select group of private investors.
此外，他们担心银行会将过多的金融权力集中在联邦**和少数私人投资者手中。
despite the controversy, president george washington signed the bank of the united states into law in 1791.
尽管存在争议，乔治·华盛顿**还是在1791年签署了一项法律，使美国银行合法化。
the bank operated for 20 years, playing a significant role in stabilizing the nation's finances and fostering economic growth.
该银行已经运营了20年，在稳定国家财政和促进经济增长方面发挥了重要作用。
while the bank's charter was not renewed in 1811, its legacy lived on.
尽管该银行的章程在 1811 年没有续签，但其遗产仍然存在。
the concept of a central bank resurfaced throughout the 19th century, culminating in the establishment of the federal reserve system in 1913.
*银行的概念在整个19世纪重新出现，最终在1913年建立了联邦储备系统。
alexander hamilton's vision for a national bank, though met with initial resistance, proved to be a cornerstone of american economic development.
亚历山大·汉密尔顿（Alexander Hamilton）对国家银行的愿景虽然最初遭到抵制，但事实证明这是美国经济的重要基石。
the bank of the united states laid the groundwork for the modern federal reserve system, a central bank that continues to play a crucial role in maintaining financial stability and promoting economic growth in the united states today.
美國銀行為現代聯邦儲備系統奠定了基礎，而今天的**銀行繼續在維護美國金融穩定和促進經濟增長方面發揮著重要作用。