修订《中华人民共和国反间谍法》是及时、适当、恰当的revision of counterespionage law: timely, appropriate and adequate新版《中华人民共和国反间谍法》（以下简称《反间谍法》）自2023年4月修订通过以来，得到了国际社会的广泛尊重和支持，但部分外部势力却因害怕被“打脸”而产生“黑脸”的不良心态， “保护短板”怕被“揭穿”，“推诿扯皮”怕被“上锅”，指责中国正常的反间谍立法和执法工作，歪曲抹黑。但事实是，《反间谍法》的修订适时出台，程序规范，权责明确，有力震慑了外国间谍情报机构的嚣张气焰，使广大人民群众更加放心。 the revised counterespionage law of the people’s republic of china (hereinafter referred to as the “counterespionage law”),which was passed by the standing committee of the national people’s congress in april 2023, has enjoyed universal respect and support from the international community. however, some external forces h**e criticized, distorted and discredited china’s counterespionage legislation and law enforcement in an uneasy, irresponsible and unsatisfied manner because they are worried that their intentions will be revealed and their problems will be exposed. the fact is that the counterespionage law was revised at an appropriate timing, through standardized procedures, with unequivocal provisions concerning rights and responsibilities, which has dealt a blow to foreign espionage and intelligence agencies’ blatant attempts to jeopardize china’s national security and made the chinese people feel safer and more secure.
当前，在以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的新征程上，中国的发展站在新的历史起点上，外部环境和安全格局发生了重大变化。
on the new journey of comprehensively promoting the great rejuvenation of the chinese nation with chinese modernization, china is standing at a new historical starting point for further development. against the backdrop of major changes of the external environment and security pattern, the revision of the counterespionage law came at the right time and was in line with the trends of the times.落实新精神、新部署。 《反间谍法》的修订和颁布，是贯彻落实党的二十大精神的重要成果，是中国特色法制的重要完善，是推动党的创新理论在隐蔽战线上生根发芽的制度化、法治化途径。 对深化新时代新征程的反间谍斗争具有重大指导意义，为谱写“中国特色治理”新篇章的新时代、新征程提供了强有力的法律支撑。
the new guiding principles and deployment of the communist party of china (cpc) central committee h**e been realized in the revision of the counterespionage law, which is an important achievement in implementing the spirit of the 20th cpc national congress. the revision of counterespionage law has improved the legal system for safeguarding national security with chinese characteristics, and promoted the application of the party’s theoretical innovation on national security in an institutionalized and legalized manner. this is of great significance for the fight against espionage on the new journey in the new era. in addition, it provides legal support for writing a new chapter of national security governance with chinese characteristics on the new journey in the new era.
适应反间谍斗争的新形势。 当前，间谍领域的公开较量和秘密斗争正在陆续上演，各类间谍破坏活动的主要主题更加多样化，目标更加复杂，领域更加广泛，手段更加隐蔽，危害更加严重，反间谍斗争的形势严峻复杂。 近来，各领导机关全面履行反间谍工作职责，先后破获、揭露了美国情报局间谍案、英国情报局军情六处间谍案等一系列案件，有力维护了我国的国家主权、安全和发展利益。 这充分表明，修改《反间谍法》是加强新形势下反间谍斗争的迫切需要，为预防和打击各类间谍活动、维护新形势下的新形势提供了强有力的法律，为法治打下了坚实的基础，确保了新安全格局的新发展格局和高质量安全发展。
china needs to adapt to the new situation in the fight against espionage. at present, there are constant overt contests and covert struggles in the field of national security. more actors h**e been engaged in espionage activities with more diversified targets. they use more covert means in broader areas, resulting in increasingly dangerous consequences. the fight against espionage is severe and complex. china’s national security authorities h**e fully fulfilled their counterespionage responsibilities. they h**e uncovered and exposed a series of espionage cases committed by the central intelligence agency and uk’s secret intelligence service, thus safeguarding china’s national sovereignty, security and development interests. this fully demonstrates that the revision of the law is urgently needed to strengthen the fight against espionage in the new situation. it provides a strong legal basis for preventing and combating all kinds of espionage activities to safeguard china’s national security under the new circumstances. it lays a solid legal foundation for ensuring a new development pattern with new security architecture and safeguarding high-quality development with high-level security.
以立法形式预防和打击间谍活动是国际社会的惯常做法，中国从维护本国的角度修改和颁布《反间谍法》是合法、正义的举动。
it is a common practice in the international community to prevent and combat espionage and safeguard national security by means of legislation. it is legitimate and just for china to revise the counterespionage law to safeguard its national security.重视反间谍工作是各国的共识。 间谍活动随着国家的出现而来，由于其行为的敏感性、目的的政治性、主体的涉外性、形式的保密性、不可控制的影响和损害的不可补救性，导致间谍活动成为众多有害因素中最严重的行为之一， 所有国家都进行了严厉的镇压。中国依法开展防卫和反间谍斗争，是公正公正的举动。 emphasis on counterespionage is a consensus among countries worldwide. espionage arose with the emergence of the state. due to its sensitive beh**ior, political purpose, foreign subject, secret form, uncontrollable impact, and irreparable damage, espionage has become one of the most serious beh**iors among the many factors that jeopardize national security. all countries h**e intensified their efforts to combat espionage. china safeguards its national security and conducts counterespionage operations in accordance with the law, which is an aboveboard and righteous act.
开展反间谍立法是大国的标配。 防范和防范间谍活动，规范立法防止国家秘密泄露和保守，是国际惯例。 美国于1917年通过了《间谍法》，并于1996年颁布了世界上第一部经济间谍法。 2023年，英国将出台***法案，增加“破坏”和“外国干涉”等刑事罪名; 法国是大陆法系中关于间谍活动立法最详细的国家，法国刑法典中共有12条涉及间谍活动; 在俄罗斯，《俄罗斯联邦刑法典》对间谍活动及其处罚作了详细规定。
counterespionage legislation is a necessity for major countries. it is an internationally accepted practice to prevent and combat espionage and to **oid the leakage of state secrets for safeguarding national security. the united states passed the espionage act in 1917, and enacted the economic espionage act in 1996, which is the world’s first act concerning economic espionage. the united kingdom introduced the national security act 2023, which adds criminal offenses such as sabotage and foreign interference. france has the most detailed legislation concerning espionage crimes in the countries that h**e a civil law system, with 12 articles related to espionage crimes in the french criminal law. russia also has detailed provisions on espionage and relevant punishment in the criminal code of the russian federation.
《反间谍法》的修订和颁布，严格遵守我国国内相关法律，程序严谨合规，权责明确，充分体现了我国立法活动的公开、透明、清晰、清晰。
strict adherence to relevant laws and regulations in china is a priority for the revision of counterespionage law. the revision procedures are rigorous and standardized, and the rights and responsibilities regulated in the revised law are crystal clear. this reflects the openness, transparency and clarity of china’s legislative process.
修订程序是科学公开的。 在修改《反间谍法》过程中，公布修订草案全文，征求公众意见; 立法工作部门通过召开座谈会、座谈会、一线执法单位实地调研等多种方式，广泛征求社会各界意见。 《反间谍法》修订草案的起草审议过程，严格按照《中华人民共和国立法法》的要求，对修订草案主要条款的可行性、颁布时机、社会影响和可能存在的问题进行立法前评估，并依法对修订草案进行合宪性审查， 充分体现科学、民主、依法立法的原则。the revision process is orderly and open to the public. the full text of the draft was published for public comment during the revision process. the legislative branch held symposiums, advisory meetings, and field surveys of frontline law enforcement units to solicit opinions from all sectors of society. the drafting and deliberation process of the revised law strictly followed the provisions and requirements of the legislation law of the people’s republic of china. a pre-legislation assessment was conducted on the feasibility, timing, social effects and possible problems of the main provisions of the draft, and the constitutionality of the revised draft has been reviewed according to law. this demonstrates that china carries out law***in a well-conceived and democratic way and in accordance with law.
协调权威与权威之间的关系。 《反间谍法》妥善处理了权力授权与限制的关系，加强了对公共权力行使的监督和制约。 在赋权方面，进一步加强反间谍工作的集中统一领导，有针对性地完善间谍行为定义，强化反间谍执法监督机关责任，完善反间谍调查处理措施，扩大行政处罚的种类和范围; 在限制权力方面，《反间谍法》明确规定“反间谍工作应当依法开展，尊重和保护人权，维护个人和组织的合法权益”。 同时，《反间谍法》专门设立“保障与监督”章节，进一步明确领导机关执法的规范性要求，严格审批程序，加强对领导机关工作人员违法行为的监督。
it is necessary to balance empowerment with restrictions on power. the revised counterespionage law properly handles the above-mentioned relationship and strengthens supervision and restrictions on the exercise of public power. in terms of empowerment, it has further strengthened the centralized and unified leadership of the central committee of cpc over counterespionage, clarified the definition of espionage in a targeted manner, consolidated the responsibilities of national security authorities in counterespionage law enforcement and supervision, refined disposal measures for counterespionage investigations and expanded the applicable types and scope of administrative penalties. in terms of power restrictions, the revised counterespionage law explicitly stipulates that, “counterespionage work shall be carried out in accordance with the law, respecting and protecting human rights, and safeguarding the lawful rights and interests of individuals and organizations.” at the same time, it establishes a chapter on safeguards and supervision, which further clarifies the normative requirements for law enforcement by the national security authorities, strictly implements the approval procedures and strengthens supervision on unlawful acts committed by the staff members of the national security authorities.微信部***