1.实际问题。
1.actual problems
经过一段时间的超声波清洗后，一些仪器表面的镀铬层会脱落，失去特有的银色金属光泽，呈现出黄黑相间的金属背景。 一些器械，如生殖器扩张器、吸引装置等代表性器械，在超声波清洗机中清洗后更为突出。
after a period of ultrasonic cleaning, some instruments may lose their unique silver metallic luster due to the detachment of the chrome plating layer on the surface, presenting a yellow and black metallic background. representative instruments such as vaginal dilators and aspirators perform particularly well after cleaning in ultrasonic cleaning machines.
那么在实际应用中，说明有些仪器在使用超声波清洗机处理仪器后，会比较快地损坏，大大缩短了仪器的使用寿命，原因和解决方法是什么呢？
so in practical applications, what are the reasons and solutions for the rapid damage of some instruments after being treated with ultrasonic cleaners, which greatly shortens the service life of the instruments?
2.问题分析。
2. problem analysis
为了解决这个问题，我们先看一下超声波的原理，超声波清洗机利用超声波发生器发出的高频振荡信号，转换成高频机械振荡，通过换能器传播到超声波介质（清洗液）中，超声波在溶液中密集、间歇地向前辐射， 使液体流动并产生数以万计的微小气泡，这些气泡在超声波纵向传播的负压区生长，并在正压区迅速闭合，这称为“空化效应”，在气泡闭合过程中，可以形成1000多个气压瞬时高压， 而持续的高压就像一连串的小“**”连续冲击物体表面，使物体表面的污垢和缝隙迅速剥离，从而达到净化物体表面的目的。 在这个过程中，产生的能量会存在于仪器表面，使仪器表面的血迹和污垢被剥离，从而达到清洁仪器的目的。 特别是当污垢与设备表面紧密结合时，如干血渍、锈渍等，这些污垢会同时剥落，涂层或金属层的表面会被带走。
to address this issue, we first look at the principle of ultrasonic w**es. ultrasonic cleaners use the high-frequency oscillation signals emitted by ultrasonic generators, which are converted into high-frequency mechanical oscillations through transducers and propagated into the ultrasonic medium (cleaning solution). ultrasonic w**es radiate forward in the solution, causing the liquid to flow and produce tens of thousands of tiny bubbles. these bubbles form and grow in the negative pressure zone formed by the longitudinal propagation of ultrasonic w**es, in the positive pressure zone, the bubbles quickly close, and in this process known as the "c**itation effect", the closure of bubbles can form an instantaneous high pressure of over 1000 atmospheres. the continuously formed high pressure is like a series of small "explosions" constantly impacting the surface of an object, causing the dirt on the surface and gaps of the object to quickly peel off, thereby achieving the goal of purifying the surface of the object. in this process, the energy generated by the "explosion" will exist on the surface of the instrument, causing the blood stains and dirt on the surface of the instrument to peel off, achieving the purpose of cleaning the instrument. if the instrument is exposed to this "explosion" environment for a long time, while peeling off the dirt, it will also h**e a destructive effect on the surface of the instrument, especially affecting the surface coating of the instrument and thus affecting its service life. especially when dirt and equipment surfaces are tightly bonded, such as dried blood stains, rust stains, etc., these dirt will peel off and take away the surface coating or metal layer.
3. 解决方案。
3. solution
为了延长仪器的使用寿命，减少超声波清洗对仪器的损坏，建议：
in order to extend the service life of the equipment and reduce the damage of ultrasonic cleaning to the equipment, it is recommended to:
1）并非所有仪器都可以用超声波清洗，超声波清洗的决定应根据制造商的指导做出。
1) not all instruments can be cleaned with ultrasound, and the decision on whether to clean with ultrasound should be based on the guidance of the instrument manufacturer.
2）清洗不同的仪器应选择不同的频率。由于振动频率单一，使不同结构和材料的医疗器械满足洁净度要求并不容易，但会对医疗器械造成损坏。
2) cleaning different instruments should choose different frequencies. due to a single vibration frequency, it is not easy for medical instruments with different structures and materials to meet the cleanliness requirements, which can actually cause damage to the medical instruments.
3）使用超声波清洗设备前，对待清洗器械进行预处理，去除大块血迹。尤其是干燥的污渍。
3) before using ultrasonic cleaning equipment, pre treat the equipment to be cleaned to remove large blood stains and dirt. especially dry stains.
4）使用超声波清洗设备时，缩短清洗时间，将程序运行时间设定为3-5min，不应超过10min，在此期间，一般仪器上的污垢均可清洗干净。
4) when using ultrasonic cleaning equipment, shorten the cleaning time and set the program running time to 3-5 minutes, which should not exceed 10 minutes. during this time period, dirt on general instruments can be cleaned thoroughly.