【今日TED精读】：植树真的能给地球降温吗？ does planting trees actually cool the planet？
随着气候变化的日益严重，植树被认为是减少温室气体的重要措施。 然而，是时候重新审视这种做法了吗？ 我们是否在植树的道路上走得太远而忽视了正确的方法？
** 双语字幕）。
更换密封件。
以原文阅读（附翻译）。
in the fight to curb climate change, there are few solutions more discussed than planting lots and lots of trees.
在应对气候变化的斗争中，没有比大规模植树更值得讨论的选择了。
it sounds **enough — trees absorb co2 from the atmosphere to grow, so planting more of them should help eliminate greenhouse gases.
听起来很简单：树木从大气中吸收二氧化碳，因此种植更多的树木应该有助于消除温室气体。
the trouble is, tree planting efforts don't always work as planned.
问题在于，植树并不总是按计划进行。
for example, between 1974 and 2012, the chilean government helped fund the planting of over a million hectares of new trees.
例如，在 1974 年至 2012 年期间，智利**资助种植了超过 100 万公顷的新树。
yet a recent analysis suggests this multi-million dollar effort resulted in no major carbon storage gains.
然而，最近的一项分析表明，这项耗资数百万美元的努力并没有带来显著的碳储量增长。
what went wrong?
哪里出了问题？
chile focused on afforestation: the planting of trees in places long devoid of — or never home to — any forest, as opposed to reforestation, the practice of restoring recently degraded forests.
智利的重点是植树造林，即在长期没有或从未有过森林的地方植树造林，而不是重新造林，即恢复最近退化的森林的做法。
many governments and international organizations champion afforestation in their efforts to meet lofty tree-planting goals that require massive amounts of land.
许多**和国际组织提倡植树造林，以努力实现崇高的植树目标，这需要大量的土地。
the bonn challenge, launched in 2011 by the german government and the international union for conservation of nature, aims to restore 350 million hectares of degraded land across the globe by 2030, in part through afforestation.
2011 年，德国**和国际自然保护联盟发起了“波恩挑战”，旨在恢复世界上 35亿公顷的退化土地，部分通过植树造林。
many companies h**e also seized on tree planting to offset emissions and, in some cases, negative pr from their contributions to the climate emergency.
许多公司还利用植树来抵消排放，在某些情况下，还利用负面公关来应对气候紧急情况。
a 2021 oxfam analysis found that the area needed to match the tree-planting goals set by four of the largest oil and gas producers would require land twice the size of the uk.
乐施会 2021 年的一项分析发现，要实现四大石油和天然气生产国设定的植树目标，需要两倍于英国的面积。
here's where things get complicated.
这就是事情变得复杂的地方。
in order to be a long-term carbon sink, trees need to grow to maturity and stay put.
要使树木成为长期的碳汇，它们需要生长并保持在原地。
most of chile's afforestation funding went to the commercial forestry industry, which drastically expanded plantations of mostly non-native trees — in some cases even by plowing into native forests.
智利的大部分重新造林资金都用于商业林业，种植面积大幅扩大，主要是非本地树木，在某些情况下，为了种植而破坏原始森林。
according to one study, on **erage, natural forests are 40 times better at carbon storage than plantations.
根据一项研究，平均而言，天然林储存的碳是人工林的 40 倍。
a mature tree can absorb up to 22 kilograms of carbon dioxide each year.
一棵成年树每年可以吸收多达 22 公斤的二氧化碳。
but plantation trees are harvested.
但是当树木被种植时，它们将被砍伐。
further, pine and eucalyptus — two commonly grown plantation trees — are highly flammable, so gains in carbon storage can quickly go up in smoke.
此外，松树和桉树（两种常见的种植树木）非常易燃，因此碳储存的增加很快就会化为乌有。
and not all land should be forested.
此外，并非所有土地都应该是森林。
in 2019, researchers estimated that, of the 100 million hectares of land targeted for a tree planting initiative in africa, most is s**anna.
2019 年，研究人员估计，非洲种植的 1 亿公顷土地中大部分是稀树草原。
dropping trees into africa's s**annas threatens wildlife that thrive in sunlight and open spaces.
在非洲大草原上放养树木会危及在阳光和开放空间中茁壮成长的野生动物。
and wildfires, not to mention a passing elephant, can quickly stomp out years of tree growth.
而且，毋庸置疑，大象在路上，野火可以迅速摧毁生长多年的树木。
meanwhile, a s**anna's natural vegetation tucks most of its carbon safely away below ground, where it's protected from fire and hungry herbivores.
同时，稀树草原的天然植被安全地将大部分碳隐藏在地下，保护它免受火灾和饥饿的食草动物的侵害。
planting trees can also h**e unintended consequences in places that naturally reflect sunlight like drylands or snowy terrain.
在阳光自然反射阳光的地方，如旱地或雪地，植树也会产生意想不到的后果。
trees in these regions could absorb more of the sun's rays, contributing to a warmer planet.
这些地区的树木吸收了更多的阳光，使地球变暖。
it's not that we shouldn't plant more trees.
这并不是说我们不应该种更多的树。
but for the best chance of success, programs should consider which species to plant, which lands to forest, and how to protect the land long-term.
然而，为了获得最大的成功机会，项目应该考虑种植哪些品种，可以种植哪些土地，以及如何长期保护土地。
today, chile is prioritizing planting native trees rather than timber plantations.
今天，智利优先考虑种植本地树木而不是木材种植园。
some researchers argue that a more efficient way to re-green the planet is to protect forests and let nature do the work.
一些研究人员认为，重新绿化地球的更有效方法是保护森林，让大自然发挥作用。
on recently deforested land, seeds wait in soil, and new sprouts grow from old stumps.
在最近开垦的土地上，种子积聚在土壤中，新芽从旧树桩上发芽。
as time passes, birds and winds deliver seeds from forests nearby.
随着时间的流逝，鸟类和风会从附近的森林中带来种子。
others support programs that practice assisted natural regeneration — helping nature along by removing grasses that compete with saplings, preventing grazing, and even planting trees in small patches.
其他人则支持协助自然再生的计划——通过连根拔起与树苗竞争的草、防止放牧，甚至种植小片树木来帮助自然。
so when is it bad to plant trees?
那么什么时候种树不好呢？
when programs put the wrong trees in the wrong places.
当一个项目将错误的树种到错误的地方时。
it's bad when it's mistakenly used as a catch-all solution, rather than addressing more complex issues like carbon emissions and active deforestation.
如果它被误认为是一个包罗万象的解决方案，而不是解决更复杂的问题，如碳排放和积极的森林砍伐，那就太糟糕了。
it's also bad to plant trees when it allows companies and governments to practice greenwashing, throwing money at initiatives that h**e no real chance of achieving the carbon offsets they promise.
植树也是不好的，因为它允许公司和**漂绿并将资金投入到他们不可能实现的碳抵消计划中。
the best investments in a greener future are to cut carbon emissions, while protecting these forests from being destroyed in the first place.
对绿色未来的最佳投资是减少碳排放，同时首先保护这些森林免受破坏。
关键词汇短语
关键词： 1 co2 / ˌsiː.oʊ.tu 二氧化碳。
2.植树造林 f r ste n 造林。
3. reforestation / ˌriː.f r ste n 重新造林。
4.碳 kɑ rb n 碳。
5.种植园 pl n te n plantation.
6.原生 NE T V 本地。
7. deforestation / ˌdiː.森林砍伐。
8.排放 M nz 排放。
9. regeneration / ˌriː.d en re n 再生。
10.漂绿 ɡri n w green shuffle.
关键词： 1植树。
2.碳储存。
3.天然更新。
4.土地恢复。
5.气候紧急情况。
小练习
1. between 1974 and 2012, the chilean government funded the planting of over a million hectares of new trees, but a recent analysis suggests this effort resulted in __
a) significant carbon storage gains
b) no major carbon storage gains
c) a decrease in carbon emissions
d) a decrease in afforestation efforts
2. afforestation focuses on planting trees in places long devoid of any forest, while reforestation aims to restore __
a) natural vegetation
b) recently degraded forests
c) commercial plantations
d) non-native species
3. the bonn challenge, launched in 2011, aims to restore 350 million hectares of degraded land across the globe by 2030, in part through __
a) reducing emissions
b) afforestation
c) promoting deforestation
d) increasing wildfires
答案解析：1正确答案：b）没有重大的碳储存收益 解释：智利**资助了在1974年至2012年期间种植超过100万公顷新树的项目，但最近的分析表明，这一努力并未带来显著的碳储存收益。
2.正确答案： b） 最近退化的森林 解释：植树造林的重点是在长期未植树造林的地方植树，而重新造林的目的是恢复最近被破坏的森林。
3.正确答案：b）植树造林 解释：波恩挑战于2011年启动，旨在通过恢复350亿公顷退化土地，到2030年实现全球治理，其中一部分是通过植树造林实现的。
2月** 动态激励计划
免责声明：原 **版权所有 ted。com