爱就像大脑的交响乐，从最初的火花到最后的眼泪，神经化学物质和大脑系统编织着这段精神之旅。 你对大脑在一段关系中扮演的角色感到好奇吗？ 它如何引导我们从初恋的甜蜜到最后的心碎？
【今日TED精读】：坠入爱河的科学！ 爱背后的科学！
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love is often described as heartwarming, heart-wrenching, and even heartbreaking.
我们经常将爱情描述为温暖人心、令人心碎，甚至令人心碎。
so, what does the brain h**e to do with it?
那么大脑和它有什么关系呢？
everything!
一切都与它有关！ the journey from first spark to last tear is guided by a symphony of neurochemicals and brain systems.
从第一次火花到最后一次撕裂的旅程是由神经化学物质和大脑系统组成的。
as you begin to fall for someone, you may find yourself excessively daydreaming about them and wanting to spend more and more time together.
当你开始与某人取得联系时，你会发现自己整天都在想着他和她，想和他多呆一会儿。
this first stage of love is what psychologists call infatuation, or passionate love.
爱情的第一阶段被心理学家称为“激情之爱”，或激情之爱。
your new relationship can feel almost intoxicating, and when it comes to the brain, that's not far from the truth.
这种新的关系会让你着迷，从大脑的角度来看，这几乎是真的。
infatuated individuals show increased activation in the ventral tegmental area.
中脑的腹侧被盖区 （VTA） 在恋爱中的人中更为活跃。
the vta is the reward-processing and motivation hub of the brain, firing when you do things like eat a sweet treat, quench your thirst, or in more extreme cases, take drugs of abuse.
VTA 是大脑中处理奖励和激励的中心，当您吃甜点、喝酒时，或者更极端地说，当您滥用药物时，它会让你兴奋。
activation releases the "feel good" neurotransmitter dopamine, teaching your brain to repeat beh**iors in anticipation of receiving the same initial reward.
激活过程会释放神经递质多巴胺，让你感到“神清气爽”，训练你的大脑认为重复这些行为会获得同样的回报。
this increased vta activity is the reason love's not only euphoric, but also draws you towards your new partner.
VTA 更积极的活动不仅使爱情愉快，而且让您被新伴侣所吸引。
at this first stage, it may be hard to see any faults in your new perfect partner.
在第一阶段，你可能很难看到你完美的新伴侣的缺点。
this haze is thanks to love's influence on higher cortical brain regions.
这种雾**是爱对大脑高级皮质区域的影响。
some newly infatuated individuals show decreased activity in the brain's cognitive center, the prefrontal cortex.
一些刚刚坠入爱河的人大脑的认知中心前额叶皮层的活动减少。
as activation of this region allows us to engage in critical thought and pass judgment, it's not surprising we tend to see new relationships through rose-colored glasses.
由于这个区域的激活使我们能够辩证地思考并做出判断，因此我们将通过粉红色的泡沫看到新的感受也就不足为奇了。
while this first stage of love can be an intense rollercoaster of emotions and brain activity, it typically only lasts a few months, *way for the more long-lasting stage of love, known as attachment, or compassionate love.
虽然爱情的第一阶段可能涉及强烈的情绪起伏和大脑活动的变化，但它通常只持续几个月，然后就会过渡到爱情的下一个阶段，即依恋，或“陪伴之爱”。
as your relationship develops, you may feel more relaxed and committed to your partner thanks in large part to two hormones: oxytocin and vasopressin.
随着你们关系的进展，你会对你的伴侣更加放松和坚定，这在很大程度上要归功于两种激素：催产素和加压素。
known as pair-bonding hormones, they signal trust, feelings of social support, and attachment.
这两种荷尔蒙成对出现，产生信任感、相互支持和依赖感。
in this way, romantic love is not unlike other forms of love, as these hormones also help bond families and friendships.
这样，爱情与任何其他形式的爱情没有什么不同，因为这些荷尔蒙也促进了家庭和友谊的纽带。
further, oxytocin can inhibit the release of stress hormones, which is why spending time with a loved one can feel so relaxing.
催产素还可以抑制焦虑激素的释放，这就是为什么和你爱的人在一起会如此放松。
as early love's suspension of judgment fades, it can be replaced by a more honest understanding and deeper connection.
当爱的最初盲目消散时，取而代之的是更清晰的理解和更牢固的联系。
alternatively, as your rose-colored glasses begin to lose their tint, problems in your relationship may become more evident.
换句话说，当你的粉红色泡沫破裂时，关系中的问题会逐渐浮出水面。
no matter the reason a relationship ends, we can blame the pain that accompanies heartbreak on the brain.
无论这段关系结束的原因是什么，我们都可以将伴随心碎的痛苦归咎于大脑。
the distress of a breakup activates the insular cortex, a region that processes pain — both physical, like spraining your ankle, as well as social, like the feelings of rejection.
分手的悲伤会激活岛叶皮层，这是一个处理求救信号的区域——可以是身体上的，比如脚踝骨折，也可以是交流的，比如被拒绝的感觉。
as days pass, you may find yourself once again daydreaming about or cr**ing contact with your lost partner.
随着时间的流逝，您可能会重新点燃对前任的想法或与他重新建立联系的愿望。
the drive to reach out may feel overwhelming, like an extreme hunger or thirst.
伸出援手的欲望可能会压倒性地向你袭来，比如极度饥饿或口渴。
when looking at photos of a former partner, heartbroken individuals again show increased activity in the vta, the motivation and reward center that drove feelings of longing during the initial stages of the relationship.
看着前任的**，伤心欲绝的人的VTA又活跃起来，激励和奖励中心点燃了恋爱初期的欲望。
this emotional whirlwind also likely activates your body's alarm system, the stress axis, le**ing you feeling shaken and restless.
这种情绪旋风也可能激活你身体的警报系统，你的压力轴，让你感到不安。
as time goes on, higher cortical regions which oversee reasoning and impulse control, can pump the brakes on this distress and cr**ing signaling.
随着时间的流逝，控制理性和冲动的高级皮质区域将缓解焦虑和渴望。
given that these regions are still maturing and **connections through adolescence, it's no wonder that first heartbreak can feel particularly agonizing.
这部分区域在青春期发育和连接，因此第一次心碎令人心痛也就不足为奇了。
activities like exercise, spending time with friends, or even listening to your f**orite song can tame this heartbreak stress response, while also triggering the release of feel-good neurotransmitter dopamine.
从事锻炼、与朋友玩耍甚至听自己喜欢的歌曲等活动可以缓解心碎带来的压力反应，还可以释放更多快乐的神经递质多巴胺。
and given time and the support, most can heal and learn from even the most devastating heartbreak.
时间和他人的支持可以抚慰心碎，甚至有所作为。
关键词汇短语
关键词： 1 dopamine ['d p mi n]：多巴胺。
2.迷恋 [ n f t e n]： 迷恋。
3.催产素 [ KS T S N]：催产素。
4.加压素 [ ve s pr s n]：抗利尿激素。
5.皮层 [ k rteks]： 皮层。
6.前额叶 [pri f nt l]：前额。
7.attachment [ t t m nt]： 附件。
8.insular [ nsj l r]：孤立。
9.distress [d str s]：疼痛。
10.神经递质 [nj r tr nzm t]：神经递质。
关键词： 1玫瑰色眼镜。
2.配对结合激素。
3.应力轴。
4.感觉良好的神经递质：一种感觉良好的神经递质。
5.情绪过山车：情绪的过山车。
小练习
1. love's influence on higher cortical brain regions may lead to a(n) _in critical thought, as some infatuated individuals show decreased activity in the brain's cognitive center, the __cortex.
a) increase, prefrontal
b) decrease, insular
c) boost, ventral tegmental
d) surge, temporal
2. the release of "feel-good" neurotransmitter dopamine in the ventral tegmental area contributes to the euphoric feeling of love and draws individuals towards their new partner. this increased vta activity is analogous to the response triggered by activities such as eating a sweet treat or taking __
a) a nap
b) a walk
c) drugs of abuse
d) a deep breath
3. heartbroken individuals, experiencing the distress of a breakup, show increased activity in the __cortex, a region responsible for processing both physical and social pain. looking at photos of a former partner may rekindle feelings and activate the motivation and reward center, the __
a) prefrontal, hippocampus
b) insular, amygdala
c) temporal, nucleus accumbens
d) occipital, cerebellum
答案解析：1 a) increase, prefrontal
分析：爱情对大脑皮层较高区域的影响可能导致批判性思维的减少，因为恋爱中的一些人表现出大脑认知中心前额叶皮层的活动减少。
2. c) drugs of abuse
分析：在腹侧激活，释放“感觉良好”的神经递质多巴胺，类似于吃甜食或滥用药物等行为引发的反应。
3. b) insular, amygdala
分析：在分手疼痛期间，心碎的人在同质皮层（一个处理生理和社会疼痛的区域）中表现出更多的活动。 观察前伴侣的**可能会重新点燃感情，并在动机和奖励的中心杏仁核上表现出更多的活动。
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