a subsurface feather in diamond resembling an insect wing, with visible iridescence caused by thin-film interference. photomicrograph by matthew hardman; field of view 2.90 mm.
钻石近表面下的羽状裂纹类似于昆虫的翅膀，由于薄膜的干涉而形成彩虹色。 视线 290mm。
diamond is very resistant to scratching and is often referred to as the hardest mineral on earth due to its compact crystal structure. however, diamond is not indestructible, and it can be fractured or even broken apart during ascent from the mantle to the earth’s surface through fast, violent kimberlite eruption. collision with rocks in high-energy rivers also results in percussion marks on the surface of alluvial diamonds (e.g., j.w. harris et al., morphology of monocrystalline diamond and its inclusions,” reviews in mineralogy and geochemistry, vol. 88, no. 1, 2022, pp. 119–166). surface cracks extending into the interior of a diamond are referred to as “feathers” in the gem trade, and these often h**e a negative effect on the clarity grade.
钻石因其紧密的晶体结构和极高的耐磨性而成为地球上最坚硬的矿物，然而，钻石并非坚不可摧，在从地幔上升到地表的过程中，钻石可能会因金伯利岩的快速而猛烈的喷发而产生裂纹甚至破裂。 在高能流水中与岩石碰撞也会在钻石表面造成冲积痕迹。 在宝石**中，延伸到钻石内部的表面裂纹被称为“羽毛”，通常会对钻石的净度等级产生负面影响。
fractures within diamond can cause fascinating optical phenomena on rare occasion. the authors recently examined a 0.39 ct fancy deep brownish yellowish orange type ib/iaa diamond containing multiple feathers and graded as i2 clarity. these natural features had not been filled with a clarity-enhancing material. the largest feather located on the table facet of the diamond resembled an iridescent insect wing (see above).
在极少数情况下，钻石内部的裂缝会产生令人着迷的光学现象。 作者最近测试了一块重量为 0一颗 39 克拉的 IB IAA 深棕黄橙色钻石，内侧有多根羽毛，净度为 I2。 这种自然特征没有填充材料以提高清晰度。 最大的羽毛裂缝位于钻石台面上，类似于彩虹色的昆虫翅膀。
iridescence is an optical phenomenon caused by interference of light, typically seen in gemstones with cle**age or repeating submicroscopic structures (e.g., x. lin and p.j. heaney, “causes of iridescence in natural quartz,” spring 2017 g&g, pp. 68–81). in this diamond, the feather’s iridescence was due to thin-film interference caused by a thin film of air with a thickness similar to the w**elength range of visible light. as diamond and air h**e very different refractive indices, there is a phase difference between the incident light reflected from the upper and lower boundaries of the thin film, resulting in constructive and destructive interference. when viewed using a broadband light source (light consisting of a wide range of w**elengths), constructive or destructive interference intensifies or attenuates certain w**elengths (colors), respectively, producing a rainbow-like interference pattern.
彩虹色是由光的干涉引起的，通常存在于具有解理或重复亚微观结构的宝石中。 在这颗钻石中，羽流的彩虹色是由厚度与可见光波长相似的空气薄膜的干涉引起的。 由于金刚石与空气之间的折射率值差异较大，从薄膜的上边界和下边界反射的入射光之间存在相位差，从而导致光的干涉。 当使用具有较宽波长的光源进行观察时，相长干涉和相消干涉分别增加或减少无声波长，从而产生彩虹形干涉图案。
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